What is a Digital Signature (DS)?

A Digital Signature (DS) is a technology that allows verifying the authenticity of an electronic document. It is similar to a handwritten signature on paper documents but used in an electronic environment. DS is based on cryptography principles and includes two keys: a public and a private key. The private key is used for signing, and the public key is for verification. This ensures the security and confidentiality of information, as well as confirms the authorship and integrity of the document.

Key Aspects and Advantages of DS:

Authentication

DS certifies that a document was signed by a specific individual or organization, eliminating the possibility of anonymous or counterfeit authorship.

Integrity

The signature guarantees that the document has not been altered since it was signed. Any changes to the document after signing invalidate the signature.

Non-repudiation

DS prevents a situation where the sender can deny authorship of the document, as only they have the unique key to create the signature.

Legal Significance

In many countries, electronic signatures have the same legal force as traditional handwritten signatures.

DS are widely used in various fields, including e-government, online banking, e-commerce, and many others where the security and authenticity of digital documents are required.

The difference between digital signatures of legal entities and individuals lies in their application, management, and legal responsibility.

Application

• Individual's Digital Signature: Applied individually. It is linked to a specific person and used for signing documents, confirming transactions, or identification in the digital space on a personal level.
• Legal Entity's Digital Signature: Applied for documentation and actions conducted by an organization. It can be used by different employees within their authority, but all actions are carried out on behalf of the organization.

Management and Access

• For an Individual: The digital signature key is personal and should not be transferred to others. The responsibility for its security and use lies with the owner.
• For a Legal Entity: Internal policies on the use of digital signatures may be developed, including the appointment of responsible persons, access management, and control over use.

Legal Responsibility

• Individual's Signature: Associated with personal responsibility. This means that a specific person is responsible for all documents signed with their digital signature.
• Legal Entity's Signature: Leads to the organization's responsibility. This means that the organization, not a specific individual, is accountable for actions performed using this signature.

Acquisition Process

• For an Individual: The process of obtaining a digital signature usually requires presenting personal documents and identity verification.
• For a Legal Entity: Requires presenting documents confirming the organization's status, such as registration certificate, company charter, and powers of attorney for appointed individuals.

These differences are due to the different nature of activities and responsibilities of individuals and legal entities. It is important for both individuals and legal entities to carefully manage their digital signatures to prevent their unauthorized use.